Parts Per Million (PPM)
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| All about PPM | What is PPM, Types of it? |
What is PPM?
In chemistry, Parts Per Million or PPM is nothing more than a unit of concentration that too for quite small values.In engineering and science, the Parts-Per Notation is a set of false units that are used to tell quite small values of different dimensionless quantity, e.g. mass fraction or mole. They are pure numbers with no associated units of measurement because these are quantity per quantity measures. The "parts per" notation are often used to tell dilute solvent in engineering and chemistry, but its meaning is not that apt neither it is part of the system of measurement.
Types
- One Part Per Million ( PPM ) can further, be defined as one part of solute divided by or per one million parts of solvent or 10^6 similarly it goes for parts per million, parts per trillion, parts per quadrillion and much more.
Formula: {parts per million = ( mass of solute / mass of solvent ) x 10^6}
- One Part Per billion ( PPB ) can further, be defined as one part of solute divided by/ per one billion parts of solvent or 10^6
Formula: ppb = ( mass of solute / mass of solvent ) x 10^9
- One Part Per trillion ( PPT ) can further, be defined as one part of solute divided by/ per one trillion parts of solvent or 10^6
Formula: ppt = ( mass of solute / mass of solvent ) x 10^12
also, milligrams per liter is the same amount as PPMParts Per Million Is A Dimensionless Quantity
Yes, you read it Right, parts per million is a dimensionless quantity because the value in both numerator and denominator is in the form of mass and hence both mass of the mass quantity cancels out each other, and hence we are left with a dimensionless value.
For Eg:- Let the mass of solute be 52
Let the mass of solvent or solution be 104
Formula: parts per million = ( mass of solute / mass of solvent ) x 10^6
Now,
PPM = (52g/104g)10^6 = 50000 ppm
Concentration in different things:-
Concentrations in Soil: Concentrations of chemicals in soil are typically mean-
Sure in units of the mass of chemical (milligrams, mg or micrograms, ug) per mass of soil (kilogram, kg). This is written as mg/kg or ug/kg. But Some of the times the concentrations of the soil are often reported to be as parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb). Parts per million and parts per billion might converse from one to other using this relation :
One part per million = 1,000 parts per billion.(formula)
For soil, 1 ppm = 1 mg/kg of a contaminant in soil, and 1 ppb = 1 ug/kg. A measurement of 7 mg/kg is the same as 7 ppm or 7,000 ppb, which is equal to 7,000 ug/kg.
Concentrations in Water: Concentrations of chemicals in water are typically mean-
Sure in units of the mass of chemical (milligrams, mg or micrograms, ug) per volume of water (liter, L, l).C concentration in water can also be expressed as parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) which is based on facts. Parts per million and parts per billion may be converted from one to the other using this particular relationship:
1 part per million = 1,000 parts per billion.(formula)
For water, 1 parts per million = approx 1 mg/L (written as mg/l) of contaminant in water, and 1 ppb = 1 ug/L (also written as ug/l). A measurement of 6 mg/L is the same as that of 6,000 ppb or 6 ppm, which is equivalent to 6,000 ug/L.
A way to visualize one part per billion (ppb) in water is to think of it as one drop in one billion drops of water or bout one drop of water in a swimming pool. One ppm is nearly about one cup of water in a water6 pool.
Sometimes, concentrations of chemicals in water can be written as grams per cubic meter (g/m3).
This is the same as grams per 1,000 liters, which can be converted to milligrams per liter (mg/L). Therefore, 1 g/m3
= 1 mg/L =
1 PPM. Likely, 1 milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3)
is the same concentration inside water as 1 microgram per liter (ug/L), which is about one ppb.
Concentration in Air: Concentrations of different chemicals in the air are typically measured in units of the mass of chemical (milligrams, micrograms, picograms ) per volume of air (cubic meter or cubic feet). However, the concentration can be expressed as parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) by bringing in use a converting factor. The conversion factor is based on the molecular weight of chemicals and it differs completely for each chemical. Also, atmospheric temperature and pressure affect the calculation.
Typically, conversions for chemicals in the air are made as-
using a pressure of 1 atmosphere and a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. For these conditions, the equation to convert from concentration in ppm to concentration in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) is as follows:
Concentration (mg/m3) = 0.0409 x concentration (ppm) x molecular weight(formula)
To convert into ppm from mg/m3, the equation is as follows:
Concentration (ppm) = 24.45 x concentration (mg/m3) ÷ molecular weight (formula)
The similar equations can be used to convert micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3) to parts per billion and vice versa:
Concentration (ug/m3) = 0.0409 x concentration (ppb) x molecular weight(formula)
Or, concentration = 24.45 x concentration (ug/m3) ÷ molecular weight
Here is an example. The molecular weight of benzene is 78. If 10 mg/m3 is the concentration of benzene in air, convert to the units of ppm by multiplying 24.45 x 10 mg/m3 ÷ 78 = 3.13 ppm.
Note: Sometimes you will see chemical concentrations in the air are given in concentration per cubic feet (ft^3) instead of concentration per cubic meter (m^3). The conversion to cubic meter from cubic feet and vice versa is as follows: 1 ft3= 0.02832 m^3 and 1 m^3 = 35.31 ft3 (formula).
Minor questions on PPM:-
1. 20.0 ml of the above solution is diluted to 200.0 mL. What is the ppm of Ca^2+ in the dilute solution?
Use the dilution formula that is, C1V1 = C2V2 where C, the concentration can be in units of molarity, ppb, ppm, mole concept, etc.
(200.2 ppm)(20.0 mL) = (C^2)(200.0 mL)
C^2 = 20.02 ppm Ca^2+ (Solved)
Anybody can easily plot a calibration curve of Absorbance versus ppm Ca2+, or other many metals, and can obtain the slope for the relationship between absorbance and ppm.
2. 5.00 mL of an unknown calcium solution is diluted to a volume of 20.0 mL (soln A). 20.0mL of solution A is diluted to 100.0 mL to give soln B. Soln B has an absorbance of 0.150. Using a calibration curve of slope 0.200/ppm, what is the ppm of calcium in the unknown or calculate the PPM in the unknown?
Beer’s Law is A = (ppm)(m) Then parts per million = A/m = 0.150/0.200 = 0.750 ppm for soln B.
For soln A: (20.0 mL)(ppm) = (0.750 ppm)(100.0 mL)
PPM = 3.75 ppm
For original unknown: (5.00 mL)(ppm) = (20.0 mL)(3.75 mL) (Given in question)
PPM = 15.0 ppm.
Concentrations in Soil: Concentrations of chemicals in soil are typically mean-
Sure in units of the mass of chemical (milligrams, mg or micrograms, ug) per mass of soil (kilogram, kg). This is written as mg/kg or ug/kg. But Some of the times the concentrations of the soil are often reported to be as parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb). Parts per million and parts per billion might converse from one to other using this relation :
One part per million = 1,000 parts per billion.(formula)
For soil, 1 ppm = 1 mg/kg of a contaminant in soil, and 1 ppb = 1 ug/kg. A measurement of 7 mg/kg is the same as 7 ppm or 7,000 ppb, which is equal to 7,000 ug/kg.
Concentrations in Water: Concentrations of chemicals in water are typically mean-
Sure in units of the mass of chemical (milligrams, mg or micrograms, ug) per volume of water (liter, L, l).C concentration in water can also be expressed as parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) which is based on facts. Parts per million and parts per billion may be converted from one to the other using this particular relationship:
1 part per million = 1,000 parts per billion.(formula)
For water, 1 parts per million = approx 1 mg/L (written as mg/l) of contaminant in water, and 1 ppb = 1 ug/L (also written as ug/l). A measurement of 6 mg/L is the same as that of 6,000 ppb or 6 ppm, which is equivalent to 6,000 ug/L.
A way to visualize one part per billion (ppb) in water is to think of it as one drop in one billion drops of water or bout one drop of water in a swimming pool. One ppm is nearly about one cup of water in a water6 pool.
Sometimes, concentrations of chemicals in water can be written as grams per cubic meter (g/m3).
This is the same as grams per 1,000 liters, which can be converted to milligrams per liter (mg/L). Therefore, 1 g/m3
= 1 mg/L =
1 PPM. Likely, 1 milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3)
is the same concentration inside water as 1 microgram per liter (ug/L), which is about one ppb.
Concentration in Air: Concentrations of different chemicals in the air are typically measured in units of the mass of chemical (milligrams, micrograms, picograms ) per volume of air (cubic meter or cubic feet). However, the concentration can be expressed as parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) by bringing in use a converting factor. The conversion factor is based on the molecular weight of chemicals and it differs completely for each chemical. Also, atmospheric temperature and pressure affect the calculation.
Typically, conversions for chemicals in the air are made as-
using a pressure of 1 atmosphere and a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. For these conditions, the equation to convert from concentration in ppm to concentration in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) is as follows:
Concentration (mg/m3) = 0.0409 x concentration (ppm) x molecular weight(formula)
To convert into ppm from mg/m3, the equation is as follows:
Concentration (ppm) = 24.45 x concentration (mg/m3) ÷ molecular weight (formula)
The similar equations can be used to convert micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3) to parts per billion and vice versa:
Concentration (ug/m3) = 0.0409 x concentration (ppb) x molecular weight(formula)
Or, concentration = 24.45 x concentration (ug/m3) ÷ molecular weight
Here is an example. The molecular weight of benzene is 78. If 10 mg/m3 is the concentration of benzene in air, convert to the units of ppm by multiplying 24.45 x 10 mg/m3 ÷ 78 = 3.13 ppm.
Note: Sometimes you will see chemical concentrations in the air are given in concentration per cubic feet (ft^3) instead of concentration per cubic meter (m^3). The conversion to cubic meter from cubic feet and vice versa is as follows: 1 ft3= 0.02832 m^3 and 1 m^3 = 35.31 ft3 (formula).
Minor questions on PPM:-
1. 20.0 ml of the above solution is diluted to 200.0 mL. What is the ppm of Ca^2+ in the dilute solution?
Use the dilution formula that is, C1V1 = C2V2 where C, the concentration can be in units of molarity, ppb, ppm, mole concept, etc.
(200.2 ppm)(20.0 mL) = (C^2)(200.0 mL)
C^2 = 20.02 ppm Ca^2+ (Solved)
Anybody can easily plot a calibration curve of Absorbance versus ppm Ca2+, or other many metals, and can obtain the slope for the relationship between absorbance and ppm.
2. 5.00 mL of an unknown calcium solution is diluted to a volume of 20.0 mL (soln A). 20.0mL of solution A is diluted to 100.0 mL to give soln B. Soln B has an absorbance of 0.150. Using a calibration curve of slope 0.200/ppm, what is the ppm of calcium in the unknown or calculate the PPM in the unknown?
Beer’s Law is A = (ppm)(m) Then parts per million = A/m = 0.150/0.200 = 0.750 ppm for soln B.
For soln A: (20.0 mL)(ppm) = (0.750 ppm)(100.0 mL)
PPM = 3.75 ppm
For original unknown: (5.00 mL)(ppm) = (20.0 mL)(3.75 mL) (Given in question)
PPM = 15.0 ppm.
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